Others Guide

Solar energy concept vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle that uses solar energy to charge its batteries continuously on-the-go. This concept efficiently increases the b

Engines are classified under different categories based on number of strokes, number of cylinders, orientation of cylinders, type of ignition, type of fuel injection etc. Various types of engine and t

Engine creates continuous power and delivers it to the vehicle so that it can propel it forward. Internal Combustion (IC) Engines are used in vehicles, that burn fuel within engine cylinder, unlike ex

Indirect engine cooling system doesn’t allow air to directly contact with the surface of engine. It indirectly cools down the engine and its components with the help of a coolant circulating in coolan

The temperature developed within the cylinder of engine during the combustion of fuel is very high (about 2000 to 2500° C). A large amount of heat is absorbed by cylinder walls and other components, b

Mufflers are widely deployed to dampen the noise coming out of an engine body before exhaust gets eliminated through tail pipe. Exhaust gases enter into muffler after removal of pollutant elements in

Catalytic converter converts the pollutant gases present in the engine exhaust into non pollutant gases through chemical reaction. Exhaust from engine is made to pass through a catalytic converter. It

In power brakes, to minimize the driver effort, assistance is provided for your brake input force. It enhances the efficiency of braking system. They are of two types: Vacuum Assisted & Air assist

In hydraulic brake system, operating force applied to the brake pedal is delivered to the hydraulic unit which generates hydraulic pressure (using the Pascal’s law) for braking. Braking force is deliv

Disc brakes are widely used in vehicles due to their efficient braking mechanism. These brakes convert the hydraulic pressure into a frictional clamping force against the rotating disc which is instal

Drum brakes are widely deployed in order to slow down or stop the vehicle. A drum brake stops the vehicle with the help of a set of shoes that press against a rotating drum-shaped part of cylinder cau

Common Rail Direct Injection is a very effective technology for diesel engines as it leads to better fuel efficiency, less vibrations and noise, reduced emission levels and many other technical improv

This technology is used in Gasoline/petrol Engines. Initially carburetors were replaced by Single Point Fuel Injection (SPFi) that involves only one injector for all cylinders which often led to maldi

For idling or low speed operation, engine requires a rich mixture (usually air:fuel being 10:1). To supply fuel during idle, an idling system is built into the carburetor. An opening called idle port

Carburetor combines gasoline and air in order to create a highly combustible mixture. For optimizing an engine's performance, it regulates the ratio of air and fuel as required under different conditi